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Learning Objectives
- Select appropriate tools for legal tasks. Evaluate whether AI, templates, traditional methods, or a hybrid approach best serves the client's interests—including recognizing when AI is not the appropriate choice.
- Evaluate tools against alternatives. Assess AI tools' strengths and limitations for specific applications, compare them to non-AI alternatives, and make reasoned judgments about when AI adds value versus when it introduces unnecessary risk or inefficiency.
- Protect confidential information. Analyze confidentiality implications across all tools (not only AI), apply appropriate safeguards, and make informed decisions about what information can be used with which tools.
- Execute verification protocols. Apply verification methods appropriate to the tool and task—including citation checking, fact verification, and source validation—and calibrate verification rigor to the risk level of the work product.
- Document tool-assisted processes. Maintain records of your tool selection, use, and verification sufficient to satisfy professional responsibility obligations and support supervisory review.
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Confidentiality Instructions
Treat this fictitious matter as though it were real. Before using any tool with client information, apply the same confidentiality analysis you would in practice:
- What information does this tool require me to input?
- Where does that information go? Who can access it?
- Does the tool's data retention policy protect client confidentiality?
- Would I be comfortable explaining this tool choice to my client? To the bar?
Phase 1
Distribution 1: Initial Client Information
Your client, GreenLeaf Technologies, has come to you with a software contract dispute. Review these initial materials to understand the facts and prepare for client counseling.
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Client Intake Form
Initial information gathered during client intake, including contact details, matter description, and key dates.
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Software Development Agreement
The contract between GreenLeaf and Vertex Solutions, including specifications in Exhibit A.
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Email Correspondence
Seven emails between the parties documenting the dispute as it developed.
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Testing Documentation
GreenLeaf's internal testing showing software defects with specific error rates and crash logs.
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Legal Research Assignment
Research Texas law on contract interpretation, material breach, and remedies—comparing AI and traditional research approaches.
View Assignment →
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Tool Selection Opportunities — Phase 1
For each task, consider: What tools could accomplish this? What are the tradeoffs? Document your reasoning.
Contract Review & Analysis
Non-AI Options
- Use a contract review checklist from Practical Law, Lexis Practice Advisor, or a secondary source to systematically work through each provision
- Compare against form contracts or model agreements to identify non-standard terms
- Manual close reading with issue-spotting based on your contracts knowledge
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can analyze contracts to identify key clauses and flag potential issues within your firm's privileged environment
- Lexis Protégé: Document analysis features can compare against standard terms
- Gemini/Copilot: Could assist with general contract concepts—but consider: can you use these with client documents? What are the confidentiality implications?
Selection Considerations
- Confidentiality: Can you input this contract into the tool? What is the tool's data retention policy?
- Task characteristics: Is this a novel contract requiring judgment, or routine review where AI efficiency helps?
- Your development: Which approach builds skills you need? Sometimes manual review teaches more.
- Risk profile: How high-stakes is this contract? Does that affect your tool choice?
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Whatever tool you use: Did you verify key clauses against the contract language itself? Did you confirm AI-flagged issues actually exist? Did you check for issues the tool might have missed?
Timeline Construction
Non-AI Options
- Create a manual chronology by reading documents and extracting dates into a table or timeline
- Use a spreadsheet to organize events chronologically
- Physical timeline on paper or whiteboard for visual analysis
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can extract dates and events from documents to build chronologies
- Lexis Protégé: Document analysis can identify key dates and organize facts
- Gemini/Copilot: Could help organize information—but what client facts would you need to share? Is that appropriate?
Selection Considerations
- Volume: For seven emails, is AI faster—or would manual review be just as quick and more thorough?
- Accuracy needs: Timelines often become exhibits or support motions. How reliable must dates be?
- Confidentiality: Timeline construction requires inputting client facts. Which tools can you use?
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Did you verify each date against the source document? Did you check for events the tool might have missed? Are events characterized accurately?
Legal Research
Non-AI Options
- Traditional Boolean/terms-and-connectors searching on Westlaw or Lexis
- Secondary sources: Texas Jurisprudence, Dorsaneo's Texas Litigation Guide, O'Connor's Texas Causes of Action
- Texas Pattern Jury Charges for element analysis
- Restatement (Second) of Contracts for general principles
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: AI-assisted research can synthesize case law and identify relevant authority
- Lexis Protégé: AI search features can help navigate unfamiliar areas of law
- Gemini/Copilot: Can explain general legal concepts—but can they provide reliable, citable Texas authority? What are the risks?
Selection Considerations
- Familiarity: Are you learning a new area (where AI synthesis helps orient you) or refining knowledge (where precision matters)?
- Citation reliability: General-purpose LLMs hallucinate citations. Legal research platforms cite real cases—but do they cite the best cases?
- Completeness: How do you know your research is thorough? What did the AI miss?
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Did you verify every citation using KeyCite or Shepard's? Did you read the cases yourself—not just the AI summary? Did you search for contrary authority?
Looking Ahead: Specialized Tools
As you work with general-purpose tools, note their limitations. Specialized contract analysis tools (like Kira, Luminance, or Evisort) and litigation support tools claim to address some of these limitations. When you encounter vendor demonstrations later in the course, consider:
- What limitations did I experience with general tools that this specialized tool claims to solve?
- What is this tool's training data? Knowledge cutoff date?
- What is the data retention policy? Where is my client's information stored?
- What verification would I still need to perform even with this specialized tool?
- Does the cost and learning curve justify the benefits over tools I already have?
🔒 Phase 2
Distribution 2: Dispute Arises
Negotiations have failed. Vertex has retained counsel and filed suit. Review the pleadings and prepare your response.
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Demand Letter
Formal demand letter from Vertex's counsel threatening litigation if payment is not made.
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Plaintiff's Complaint
Vertex's Original Petition filed in Travis County District Court alleging breach of contract.
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Answer & Counterclaim
GreenLeaf's Answer with affirmative defenses and Counterclaim for breach of contract and warranty.
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Tool Selection Opportunities — Phase 2
Pleading Drafting
Non-AI Options
- Form books: O'Connor's Texas Forms, Texas Litigation Guide forms
- Firm precedent: Prior pleadings from similar matters
- Practical Law or Lexis Practice Advisor standard forms with checklists
- Manual drafting based on rules and secondary sources
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can draft pleadings with integrated research in a privileged environment
- Lexis Protégé: Drafting assistance features can help structure responsive pleadings
- Gemini/Copilot: Could draft generic pleading language—but what are the risks of AI-generated legal documents? What must you verify?
Selection Considerations
- Precision requirements: Pleadings have formal requirements. Are templates more reliable than AI generation?
- Jurisdictional specificity: Does the tool know Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code requirements?
- Skill development: If you're learning pleading practice, does AI drafting shortcut important learning?
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Did you verify compliance with Texas Rules of Civil Procedure? Are all citations accurate and properly formatted? Does every factual allegation have support in the record?
Affirmative Defense Analysis
Non-AI Options
- Texas Pattern Jury Charges for elements of each defense
- O'Connor's Texas Causes of Action for defense checklists
- Secondary source analysis of available defenses in contract cases
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can research and explain affirmative defenses with supporting authority
- Lexis Protégé: Can help identify applicable defenses based on fact patterns
- Gemini/Copilot: Can explain general defense concepts—but are you getting Texas-specific law?
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Did you verify elements of each defense against Texas authority? Do the facts actually support each defense you're asserting? Have you preserved all potentially applicable defenses?
Looking Ahead: Specialized Tools
Litigation drafting platforms (like Harvey or specialized CoCounsel features) claim to produce more reliable pleadings than general-purpose AI. As you work with available tools, note: What errors or gaps did you find? What verification was required? Would specialized tools reduce that burden—or just shift it?
🔒 Phase 3
Distribution 3: Discovery Materials
Discovery is underway. Review interrogatory responses, deposition transcripts, and expert reports to build your case.
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Interrogatories
GreenLeaf's First Set of Interrogatories to Vertex Solutions seeking key information.
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Interrogatory Responses
Vertex's verified responses to GreenLeaf's interrogatories with key admissions.
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Deposition Excerpts
Key excerpts from depositions of Priya Sharma, Maya Chen, and Daniel Osito.
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Expert Report
Dr. Amanda Rothwell's expert report analyzing software defects and industry standards.
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Tool Selection Opportunities — Phase 3
Discovery Drafting
Non-AI Options
- Practical Law or Lexis Practice Advisor interrogatory templates for contract disputes
- Firm precedent interrogatories from similar matters
- Pattern discovery from Texas litigation guides
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can draft discovery tailored to your claims and defenses
- Lexis Protégé: Can help customize template discovery to your facts
- Gemini/Copilot: Could draft generic discovery—but are AI-generated interrogatories properly tailored to Texas limits and your specific claims?
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Are you within Texas interrogatory limits? Does each request relate to your claims or defenses? Are definitions and instructions complete?
Deposition Analysis
Non-AI Options
- Manual review with highlighting and margin notes
- Create witness-by-witness summary charts
- Build impeachment index comparing testimony to documents
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can analyze transcripts to identify inconsistencies and key testimony
- Lexis Protégé: Document analysis features can flag important passages
- Gemini/Copilot: Confidentiality analysis is critical—deposition transcripts contain extensive client information
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Did you verify AI-identified inconsistencies against the actual transcript? Did you find inconsistencies the AI missed? Are page/line citations accurate?
Looking Ahead: Specialized Tools
eDiscovery platforms (Relativity, Everlaw, Disco) use AI for document review at scale—predictive coding, concept clustering, privilege review. Deposition tools (TranscriptPad, Steno AI) specialize in transcript analysis. Consider: What volume would justify these tools? What verification would remain necessary? What questions would you ask vendors about data handling?
🔒 Phase 4
Distribution 4: Court Rulings
The case has proceeded through trial and an appeal has been filed. Review the court's rulings to analyze outcomes and prepare appellate arguments.
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Summary Judgment Order
Court's order denying both parties' motions for summary judgment, setting stage for trial.
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Jury Verdict
The jury's completed verdict form with findings on liability and damages.
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Final Judgment
The court's final judgment awarding damages, attorneys' fees, and costs.
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Notice of Appeal
Vertex's Notice of Appeal identifying issues for appellate review.
View Document →
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Tool Selection Opportunities — Phase 4
Brief Writing
Non-AI Options
- Traditional research and drafting with secondary source guidance
- Firm brief banks and precedent documents
- Appellate practice guides for structure and standards of review
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can draft briefs, find supporting authority, and check for contrary precedent
- Lexis Protégé: Drafting assistance with integrated research
- Gemini/Copilot: Can help structure arguments—but briefing is high-stakes work. What verification is essential?
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Have you verified every citation? Does your brief accurately characterize the holdings? Have you searched for contrary authority? Does the argument flow logically?
Appellate Analysis
Non-AI Options
- Texas appellate practice treatises for standards of review
- Manual review of trial record to identify preserved error
- Research reversal rates and issue-specific outcomes
AI Options (Tools You Have)
- Westlaw CoCounsel: Can research standards of review and find cases on similar issues
- Lexis Protégé: Can help identify relevant appellate authority
- Gemini/Copilot: Can explain general appellate concepts—but standards of review are jurisdiction-specific
✓ Verification Checkpoint
Have you correctly identified the standard of review for each issue? Was error preserved in the trial court? Are the cases you're citing still good law and factually analogous?
Looking Ahead: Specialized Tools
Litigation analytics tools (Westlaw Edge Litigation Analytics, Lex Machina) provide data on judge behavior, case outcomes, and reversal rates. Brief-checking tools (Brief Catch) analyze writing quality and citation accuracy. Consider: When would data-driven insights change your strategy? What are the limitations of analytics based on historical data?